Potassium bis(oxalato)Cuprate(II) Hydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Potassium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Potassium's shells is 2, 8, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s1. In its elemental form potassium's CAS number is 7440-09-7. The potassium atom has a radius of 227.2 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 275.pm. Potassium is not toxic. Potassium is the seventh most abundant element on earth. In its metallic form it is one of the most reactive and electropositive of all metals and rapidly oxidizes. As with other metals of the alkali group, the metal decomposes in water with the evolution of hydrogen. It catches fire spontaneously in water. In high purity, potassium compounds have numerous pharmacological, medical, and electronics applications. Important compounds include the hydroxide, nitrate, carbonate, chloride, bromide, iodide, and sulfate. Lower purity compounds are used in pyrotechnics for its violet color on ignition and in glass and ceramic glazes to produce this color. Potassium also used as a nutrient in plant growth. Since potassium reacts violently with water, it only occurs in nature in ionic salts. Potassium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. The origin of the element name comes from the English word 'potash' meaning pot ashes and the Arabic word 'qali' which means alkali. The symbol K originates from the Latin word 'kalium'. See Potassium research below.
Copper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. In its elemental form copper's CAS number is 7440-50-8. The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Copper is also resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, making it a widely used material in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is often too soft for its applications, so it is incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4·H2O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known copper compound. It is used as an agricultural poison, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Copper was first discovered by Early Man and is found both as native copper and in minerals such as chalcopyrite, chalcocite, azurite, malachite, and cuprite.The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper. See Copper research below.
Acid-base and biochemical stabilization and quality of recovery in male cats with urethral obstruction and anesthetized with propofol or a combination of ketamine and diazepam.
Freitas GC, Monteiro Carvalho Mori da Cunha MG, Gomes K, Monteiro Carvalho Mori da Cunha JP, Togni M, Pippi NL, Carregaro AB.
Can J Vet Res. 2012 Jul;76(3):201-8.
PMID:
23277699
[PubMed - in process]
Aquaporin-4-dependent K+ and water transport modeled in brain extracellular space following neuroexcitation.
Jin BJ, Zhang H, Binder DK, Verkman AS.
J Gen Physiol. 2013 Jan;141(1):119-32. doi: 10.1085/jgp.201210883.
PMID:
23277478
[PubMed - in process]
Positions of ß2 and ß3 subunits in the large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated BK potassium channel.
Wu RS, Liu G, Zakharov SI, Chudasama N, Motoike H, Karlin A, Marx SO.
J Gen Physiol. 2013 Jan;141(1):105-17. doi: 10.1085/jgp.201210891.
PMID:
23277477
[PubMed - in process]
Regulated Neuronal Neuromodulation via Spinal Cord Expression of the Gene for the Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channel 2.1 (Kir2.1).
Boulis NM, Handy CR, Krudy CA, Donnelly EM, Federici T, Franz CK, Barrow EM, Teng Q, Kumar P, Cress D.
Neurosurgery. 2012 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23277370
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Generation of an Antibody Toolbox to Characterize hERG.
Hausammann GJ, Heitkamp T, Matile H, Gsell B, Thoma R, Schmid G, Frasson D, Sievers M, Hennig M, Grütter MG.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Dec 28. doi:pii: S0006-291X(12)02437-0. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.089. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23277102
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mechanisms of cardioprotection by isoflurane against I/R injury.
Lang XE, Wang X, Jin JH.
Front Biosci. 2013 Jan 1;18:387-93.
PMID:
23276931
[PubMed - in process]
Unilateral Gynecomastia and Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis as First Manifestations of Graves' Disease.
Wang Y, Zhao L, Li F, Chen HX, Fang F, Peng YD.
Am J Med Sci. 2012 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23276903
The protective and toxic effects of rhubarb tannins and anthraquinones in treating hexavalent chromium-injured rats: The Yin/Yang actions of rhubarb.
Zeng LN, Ma ZJ, Zhao YL, Zhang LD, Li RS, Wang JB, Zhang P, Yan D, Li Q, Jiang BQ, Pu SB, Lü Y, Xiao XH.
J Hazard Mater. 2012 Dec 10;246-247C:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.12.004. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23276788
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Maternal separation increases GABA(A) receptor-mediatedmodulation of norepinephrine release inthe hippocampus of a rat model of ADHD, the spontaneouslyhypertensive rat.
Sterley TL, Howells FM, Russell VA.
Brain Res. 2012 Dec 28. doi:pii: S0006-8993(12)01961-0. 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.029. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23276497
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Superior Collicular Extract Regulate the Expression of the 1.6 Subfamily of Voltage-gated Potassium Channels in the Developing Rat Retina in vitro.
Marita Golla K, Ramaswamy Raju T, Chatterji S.
J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2012 Apr;7(2):139-47.
PMID:
23275823
[PubMed]
Regulation of Interleukin-6 Secretion by the Two-Pore-Domain Potassium (K2P) Channel Trek-1 in Alveolar Epithelial Cells.
Schwingshackl A, Teng B, Ghosh MC, Lim KG, Tigyi GJ, Narayanan D, Jaggar JH, Waters CM.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23275623
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Involvement of the NO-cGMP-KATP channel pathway in the mesenteric lymphatic pump dysfunction observed in the guinea pig model of TNBS-induced ileitis.
Mathias R, von der Weid PY.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23275612
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Genotype and Phenotype Correlations in 417 Children With Congenital Hyperinsulinism.
Snider KE, Becker S, Boyajian L, Shyng SL, Macmullen C, Hughes N, Ganapathy K, Bhatti T, Stanley CA, Ganguly A.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23275527
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Apoptotic Effect of KCNB1 Oxidation.
Wu X, Enriquez-Hernandez B, Banas M, Xu R, Sesti F.
J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23275378
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Expression and characterization of an iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Burkholderia pseudomallei.
Cho MH, Shin YW, Chun JH, Hong KJ, Na BK, Rhie GE, Seong BL, Yoo CK.
J Microbiol. 2012 Dec;50(6):1029-33. doi: 10.1007/s12275-012-2267-2. Epub 2012 Dec 30.
PMID:
23274991
[PubMed - in process]
Potential of Potassium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Switchgrass for Fermentable Sugar Production.
Sharma R, Palled V, Sharma-Shivappa RR, Osborne J.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2012 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23274726
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Multi-walled carbon nanotube increases the excitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons through inhibition of potassium channels in rat's brain slices.
Chen T, Yang J, Ren G, Yang Z, Zhang T.
Toxicol Lett. 2012 Dec 26. doi:pii: S0378-4274(12)01442-7. 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.013. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23274715
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Validity of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision code for hyperkalaemia in elderly patients at presentation to an emergency department and at hospital admission.
Fleet JL, Shariff SZ, Gandhi S, Weir MA, Jain AK, Garg AX.
BMJ Open. 2012 Dec 28;2(6). doi:pii: e002011. 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002011. Print 2012.
PMID:
23274674
[PubMed]
Amiloride attenuates lipopolysaccharide-accelerated atherosclerosis via inhibition of NHE1-dependent endothelial cell apoptosis.
Cui GM, Zhao YX, Zhang NN, Liu ZS, Sun WC, Peng QS.
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2012 Dec 31. doi: 10.1038/aps.2012.155. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23274414
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
New targets for the antitumor activity of gambogic acid in hematologic malignancies.
Yang LJ, Chen Y.
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2012 Dec 31. doi: 10.1038/aps.2012.163. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
23274413
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent Research & Development for Copper
Ferric reductase genes involved in high-affinity iron uptake are differentially regulated in yeast and hyphae of Candida albicans.
Jeeves RE, Mason RP, Woodacre A, Cashmore AM.
Yeast. 2011 Jun 21. doi: 10.1002/yea.1892. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21823165
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nematode and snail metallothioneins.
Höckner M, Dallinger R, Stürzenbaum SR.
J Biol Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21822727
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Accumulation of mercury and other heavy metals in edible fishes of Cochin backwaters, Southwest India.
Mohan M, Deepa M, Ramasamy EV, Thomas AP.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21822576
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Calreticulin Inhibits Prion Protein PrP-(23-98) Aggregation in Vitro.
Shiraishi N, Inai Y, Hirano Y, Ihara Y.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011 Aug 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821925
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of recombinant Lac15 from a marine microbial metagenome.
Ge H, Xu P, Xu Y, Fang Z, Xiao Y.
Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Aug 1;67(Pt 8):956-8. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
PMID:
21821904
[PubMed - in process]
Characterization of hollow hydroxyapatite/copper microspheres prepared from the reduction of copper-modified hydroxyapatite by glucose.
Li C, Liang J, Niu J, Liu S, Li G, Bai J, Zhang A, Ding R.
J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821600
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis of 4ß-triazole-podophyllotoxin derivatives by azide-alkyne cycloaddition and biological evaluation as potential antitumor agents.
Chen H, Zuo S, Wang X, Tang X, Zhao M, Lu Y, Chen L, Liu J, Liu Y, Liu D, Zhang S, Li T.
Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821321
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Influence of divalent metal ions on E2-induced ER pathway in goldfish (Carassius auratus) hepatocytes.
Chang Z, Lu M, Lee KW, Oh BS, Bae MJ, Park JS.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821289
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Characterization of the peroxide sensitivity of COX-deficient yeast strains reveals unexpected relationships between COX assembly proteins.
Veniamin S, Sawatzky LG, Banting GS, Glerum DM.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821119
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cytochrome bd oxidase and nitric oxide: From reaction mechanisms to bacterial physiology.
Giuffrè A, Borisov VB, Mastronicola D, Sarti P, Forte E.
FEBS Lett. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821033
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Long-distance transport, vacuolar sequestration, tolerance, and transcriptional responses induced by cadmium and arsenic.
Mendoza-Cózatl DG, Jobe TO, Hauser F, Schroeder JI.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820943
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recycling of WEEE: Characterization of spent printed circuit boards from mobile phones and computers.
Yamane LH, de Moraes VT, Espinosa DC, Tenório JA.
Waste Manag. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820883
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metal uptake and acute toxicity in zebrafish: Common mechanisms across multiple metals.
Alsop D, Wood CM.
Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Jul 19;105(3-4):385-393. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820385
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The toxicity redox mechanisms of cadmium alone or together with copper and zinc homeostasis alteration: Its redox biomarkers.
Nzengue Y, Candéias SM, Sauvaigo S, Douki T, Favier A, Rachidi W, Guiraud P.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2011 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820296
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Oxidative stress induced apoptosis of human lung carcinoma (A549) cells by a novel copper nanorod formulation.
Thounaojam MC, Jadeja RN, Valodkar M, Nagar PS, Devkar RV, Thakore S.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820027
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Development of two highly sensitive immunoassays for detection of copper ions and a suite of relevant immunochemicals.
Zhao H, Nan T, Tan G, Gao W, Cao Z, Sun S, Li Z, Li QX, Wang B.
Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 19;702(1):102-8. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
PMID:
21819866
[PubMed - in process]
The copper regulon of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans H99.
Ding C, Yin J, Tovar EM, Fitzpatrick DA, Higgins DG, Thiele DJ.
Mol Microbiol. 2011 Aug 8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07794.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21819456
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Identification of Ethyl 2-Sulfanylacetate as an Important Off-Odor Compound in White Wines.
Darriet P, Nikolantonaki M.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21819121
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Copper-Catalyzed ß-Boration of a,ß-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Tetrahydroxydiborane.
Molander GA, McKee SA.
Org Lett. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21819097
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Heavy Metal Removal from Sewage Sludge Ash by Thermochemical Treatment with Gaseous Hydrochloric acid.
Vogel C, Adam C.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21819089
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
