Spray-Dried Sodium Zirconate: A Rapid Absorption Powder for CO Capture with Enhanced Cyclic Stability.

Title Spray-Dried Sodium Zirconate: A Rapid Absorption Powder for CO Capture with Enhanced Cyclic Stability.
Authors F. Bamiduro; G. Ji; A.P. Brown; V.A. Dupont; M. Zhao; S.J. Milne
Journal ChemSusChem
DOI 10.1002/cssc.201700046
Abstract

Improved powders for capturing CO at high temperatures are required for H production using sorption-enhanced steam reforming. Here, we examine the relationship between particle structure and carbonation rate for two types of Na ZrO powders. Hollow spray-dried microgranules with a wall thickness of 100-300?nm corresponding to the dimensions of the primary acetate-derived particles gave about 75?wt?% theoretical CO conversion after a process-relevant 5?min exposure to 15?vol?% CO . A conventional powder prepared by solid-state reaction carbonated more slowly, achieving only 50?% conversion owing to a greater proportion of the reaction requiring bulk diffusion through the densely agglomerated particles. The hollow granular structure of the spray-dried powder was retained postcarbonation but chemical segregation resulted in islands of an amorphous Na-rich phase (Na CO ) within a crystalline ZrO particle matrix. Despite this phase separation, the reverse reaction to re-form Na ZrO could be achieved by heating each powder to 900?°C in N (no dwell time). This resulted in a very stable multicycle performance in 40?cycle tests using thermogravimetric analysis for both powders. Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data showed the carbonation process fits an Avrami-Erofeyev 2?D nucleation and nuclei growth model, consistent with microstructural evidence of a surface-driven transformation. Thus, we demonstrate that spray drying is a viable processing route to enhance the carbon capture performance of Na ZrO powder.

Citation F. Bamiduro; G. Ji; A.P. Brown; V.A. Dupont; M. Zhao; S.J. Milne.Spray-Dried Sodium Zirconate: A Rapid Absorption Powder for CO Capture with Enhanced Cyclic Stability.. ChemSusChem. 2017;10(9):20592067. doi:10.1002/cssc.201700046

Related Elements

Sodium

Sodium Bohr ModelSee more Sodium products. Sodium (atomic symbol: Na, atomic number: 11) is a Block D, Group 5, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 22.989769. The number of electrons in each of Sodium's shells is [2, 8, 1] and its electron configuration is [Ne] 3s1. The sodium atom has a radius of 185.8 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 227 pm. Sodium was discovered and first isolated by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. In its elemental form, sodium has a silvery-white metallic appearance. It is the sixth most abundant element, making up 2.6 % of the earth's crust. Sodium does not occur in nature as a free element and must be extracted from its compounds (e.g., feldspars, sodalite, and rock salt). The name Sodium is thought to come from the Arabic word suda, meaning "headache" (due to sodium carbonate's headache-alleviating properties), and its elemental symbol Na comes from natrium, its Latin name.

Zirconium

See more Zirconium products. Zirconium (atomic symbol: Zr, atomic number: 40) is a Block D, Group 4, Period 5 element with an atomic weight of 91.224. Zirconium Bohr ModelThe number of electrons in each of Zirconium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 and its electron configuration is [Kr]4d2 5s2. The zirconium atom has a radius of 160 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 186 pm. Zirconium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789 and first isolated by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1824. In its elemental form, zirconium has a silvery white appearance that is similar to titanium. Zirconium's principal mineral is zircon (zirconium silicate). Elemental ZirconiumZirconium is commercially produced as a byproduct of titanium and tin mining and has many applications as a opacifier and a refractory material. It is not found in nature as a free element. The name of zirconium comes from the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium, and from the Persian wordzargun, meaning gold-like.

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