Atomic structure and domain wall pinning in samarium-cobalt-based permanent magnets.

See more Cobalt products. Cobalt (atomic symbol: Co, atomic number: 27) is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 58.933195. The number of electrons in each of cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electron configuration is [Ar]3d⁷ 4s². The cobalt atom has a radius of 125 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 192 pm. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1732. In its elemental form, cobalt has a lustrous gray appearance. Cobalt is found in cobaltite, erythrite, glaucodot and skutterudite ores. Cobalt produces brilliant blue pigments which have been used since ancient times to color paint and glass. Cobalt is a ferromagnetic metal and is used primarily in the production of magnetic and high-strength superalloys. Co-60, a commercially important radioisotope, is useful as a radioactive tracer and gamma ray source. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word "Kobalt" or "Kobold," which translates as "goblin," "elf" or "evil spirit.

See more Samarium products. Samarium (atomic symbol: Sm, atomic number: 62) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic radius of 150.36. The number of electrons in each of samarium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f⁶ 6s². The samarium atom has a radius of 180 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 229 pm. In its elemental form, samarium has a silvery-white appearance. Samarium is not found as free element in nature. It is found in the minerals cerite, gadolinite, samarskite, monazite and bastnäsite. Samarium is classified as a rare earth element and is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Samarium was discovered and first isolated by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879. It is named after the mineral samarskite, the mineral from which it was isolated.