Cation Diffusion and Segregation at the Interface between Samarium-Doped Ceria and LSCF or LSFCu Cathodes Investigated with X-ray Microspectroscopy.

See more Cerium products. Cerium (atomic symbol: Ce, atomic number: 58) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 140.116. The number of electrons in each of cerium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f² 6s². The cerium atom has a radius of 182.5 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 235 pm. In its elemental form, cerium has a silvery white appearance. Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earth metals. It is characterized chemically by having two valence states, the +3 cerous and +4 ceric states. The ceric state is the only non-trivalent rare earth ion stable in aqueous solutions. It is therefore strongly acidic and oxidizing, in addition to being moderately toxic.The cerous state closely resembles the other trivalent rare earths. Cerium is found in the minerals allanite, bastnasite, hydroxylbastnasite, monazite, rhabdophane, synchysite and zircon. Cerium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, and Wilhelm Hisinger in 1803 and first isolated by Carl Gustaf Mosander in 1839. The element was named after the asteroid Ceres, which itself was named after the Roman god of agriculture.

See more Samarium products. Samarium (atomic symbol: Sm, atomic number: 62) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic radius of 150.36. The number of electrons in each of samarium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f⁶ 6s². The samarium atom has a radius of 180 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 229 pm. In its elemental form, samarium has a silvery-white appearance. Samarium is not found as free element in nature. It is found in the minerals cerite, gadolinite, samarskite, monazite and bastnäsite. Samarium is classified as a rare earth element and is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Samarium was discovered and first isolated by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879. It is named after the mineral samarskite, the mineral from which it was isolated.