Crystal growth, optical spectroscopy and laser action of Tm³⁺-doped monoclinic magnesium tungstate.

See more Magnesium products. Magnesium (atomic symbol: Mg, atomic number: 12) is a Block S, Group 2, Period 3 element with an atomic mass of 24.3050. The number of electrons in each of Magnesium's shells is [2, 8, 2] and its electron configuration is [Ne] 3s². The magnesium atom has a radius of 160 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 173 pm. Magnesium was discovered by Joseph Black in 1775 and first isolated by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust and the fourth most common element in the earth as a whole. In its elemental form, magnesium has a shiny grey metallic appearance and is an extremely reactive. It is can be found in minerals such as brucite, carnallite, dolomite, magnesite, olivine and talc. Commercially, magnesium is primarily used in the creation of strong and lightweight aluminum-magnesium alloys, which have numerous advantages in industrial applications. The name "Magnesium" originates from a Greek district in Thessaly called Magnesia.

See more Tungsten products. Tungsten (atomic symbol: W, atomic number: 74) is a Block D, Group 6, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 183.84. The number of electrons in each of tungsten's shells is [2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2] and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s². The tungsten atom has a radius of 139 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 210 pm. Tungsten was discovered by Torbern Bergman in 1781 and first isolated by Juan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar in 1783. In its elemental form, tungsten has a grayish white, lustrous appearance. Tungsten has the highest melting point of all the metallic elements and a density comparable to that or uranium or gold and about 1.7 times that of lead. Tungsten alloys are often used to make filaments and targets of x-ray tubes. It is found in the minerals scheelite (CaWO₄) and wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO₄]. In reference to its density, Tungsten gets its name from the Swedish words tung and sten, meaning heavy stone.

See more Thulium products. Thulium (atomic symbol: Tm, atomic number: 69) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 168.93421. The number of electrons in each of Thulium's shells is [2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2] and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f¹³6s². The thulium atom has a radius of 176 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 227 pm. In its elemental form, thulium has a silvery-gray appearance. Thulium is representative of the other lanthanides (rare earths) and similar in chemistry to yttrium. It is the least abundant of the rare earth elements. Thulium emits blue upon excitation, and is used in flat panel screens that depend critically on bright blue emitters. Thulium was discovered and first isolated by Per Teodor Cleve in 1879. It is named after "Thule," which is the ancient name of Scandinavia.