Different dominant transitions in holmium and ytterbium codoped oxyfluoride glass and glass ceramics originating from varying phonon energy environments.

See more Holmium products. Holmium (atomic symbol: Ho, atomic number: 67) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic radius of 164.93032. The number of electrons in each of Holmium's shells is [2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2] and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s². The holmium atom has a radius of 176 pm and its Covalent radius is 192±7 pm. Holmium was first discovered by Marc Delafontaine in 1878. In its elemental form, holmium has a silvery white appearance. It is relatively soft and malleable. It is stable in dry air at room temperature but rapidly oxidizes at elevated temperatures and in moist air. Holmium has unusual magnetic properties. Its name is derived from the Latin word Holmia meaning Stockholm.

See more Ytterbium products. Ytterbium (atomic symbol: Yb, atomic number: 70) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 173.054. The number of electrons in each of Ytterbium's shells is [2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2] and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f¹⁴ 6s². The Ytterbium atom has a radius of 176 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 242 pm. Ytterbium was discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1878 and first isolated by Georges Urbain in 1907. In its elemental form, ytterbium has a silvery-white color. Ytterbium is found in monazite sand as well as the ores euxenite and xenotime. Ytterbium is named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden. Ytterbium can be used as a source for gamma rays, for the doping of stainless steel, or other active metals. Its electrical resistivity rises under stress, making it very useful for stress gauges that measure the deformation of the ground in the even of an earthquake.

Fluorine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 2 element. Its electron configuration is [He]2s²2p⁵. The fluorine atom has a covalent radius of 64 pm and its Van der Waals radius is 135 pm. In its elemental form, CAS 7782-41-4, fluorine gas has a pale yellow appearance. Fluorine was discovered by André-Marie Ampère in 1810. It was first isolated by Henri Moissan in 1886.