Praseodymium Cerium Manganate Sputtering Target

See more Praseodymium products. Praseodymium (atomic symbol: Pr, atomic number: 59) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 140.90765. The number of electrons in each of praseodymium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f³ 6s². The praseodymium atom has a radius of 182 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 239 pm. Praseodymium resembles the typical trivalent rare earths, however, it will exhibit a +4 state when stabilized in a zirconia host. Unlike other rare-earth metals, which show antiferromagnetic and / or ferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures, praseodymium is paramagnetic at any temperature above 1 K. Praseodymium is found in the minerals monazite and bastnasite. Praseodymium was discovered by Carl Auer von Welsbach in 1885. The origin of the element name comes from the Greek words prasios didymos, meaning green twin.

See more Cerium products. Cerium (atomic symbol: Ce, atomic number: 58) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 140.116. The number of electrons in each of cerium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f² 6s². The cerium atom has a radius of 182.5 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 235 pm. In its elemental form, cerium has a silvery white appearance. Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earth metals. It is characterized chemically by having two valence states, the +3 cerous and +4 ceric states. The ceric state is the only non-trivalent rare earth ion stable in aqueous solutions. It is therefore strongly acidic and oxidizing, in addition to being moderately toxic.The cerous state closely resembles the other trivalent rare earths. Cerium is found in the minerals allanite, bastnasite, hydroxylbastnasite, monazite, rhabdophane, synchysite and zircon. Cerium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, and Wilhelm Hisinger in 1803 and first isolated by Carl Gustaf Mosander in 1839. The element was named after the asteroid Ceres, which itself was named after the Roman god of agriculture.

See more Manganese products. Manganese (atomic symbol: Mn, atomic number: 25) is a Block D, Group 7, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 54.938045. The number of electrons in each of Manganese's shells is [2, 8, 13, 2] and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s². The manganese atom has a radius of 127 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 197 pm. Manganese was first discovered by Torbern Olof Bergman in 1770 and first isolated by Johann Gottlieb Gahn in 1774. In its elemental form, manganese has a silvery metallic appearance. It is a paramagnetic metal that oxidizes easily in addition to being very hard and brittle. Manganese is found as a free element in nature and also in the minerals pyrolusite, braunite, psilomelane, and rhodochrosite. The name Manganese originates from the Latin word mangnes, meaning "magnet."