Speciation of indium(iii) chloro complexes in the solvent extraction process from chloride aqueous solutions to ionic liquids.

Title Speciation of indium(iii) chloro complexes in the solvent extraction process from chloride aqueous solutions to ionic liquids.
Authors C. Deferm; B. Onghena; T.Vander Hoogerstraete; D. Banerjee; J. Luyten; H. Oosterhof; J. Fransaer; K. Binnemans
Journal Dalton Trans
DOI 10.1039/c7dt00618g
Abstract

Most metal extraction studies focus on the kinetics, the maximum loading and the extraction equilibrium, while structural information on the extracted complexes has been limited. This paper concerns the nature of the indium(iii) chloride complexes, present in the organic and aqueous phase during the solvent extraction of indium(iii) from an aqueous HCl solution by undiluted ionic liquids Cyphos(®) IL 101 and Aliquat(®) 336. In an aqueous HCl solution (0-12 M), indium(iii) exists as octahedral mixed complexes, [In(H2O)6-nCln](3-n) (0 ? n ? 6). EXAFS and (115)In NMR were used to characterize these species. The stoichiometric composition of the extracted complexes, which is estimated from viscosity and maximum loading studies and confirmed by EXAFS, is unaffected by the HCl concentration in the aqueous phase. Indium(iii) is present in the ionic liquid phase as the tetrahedral [InCl4](-) complex. Based on the speciation results an extraction mechanism is proposed.

Citation C. Deferm; B. Onghena; T.Vander Hoogerstraete; D. Banerjee; J. Luyten; H. Oosterhof; J. Fransaer; K. Binnemans.Speciation of indium(iii) chloro complexes in the solvent extraction process from chloride aqueous solutions to ionic liquids.. Dalton Trans. 2017. doi:10.1039/c7dt00618g

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49 In 114.818000000 Indium

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Chlorine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 3 element. Its electron configuration is [Ne]3s23p5. The chlorine atom has a covalent radius of 102±4 pm and its Van der Waals radius is 175 pm. Chlorine ModelIn its elemental form, chlorine is a yellow-green gas. Chlorine is the second lightest halogen after fluorine. It has the third highest electronegativity and the highest electron affinity of all elements, making it a strong oxidizing agent. It is rarely found by itself in nature. Chlorine was discovered and first isolated by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. It was first recognized as an element by Humphry Davy in 1808.

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